A review on organic molecule-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for Bi³⁺: recent advances, challenges,...

In recent years, the advancement of fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors for Bi³⁺ ions has received notable attention from researchers, owing to the pharmacological, environmental, and industrial relevance of Bi³⁺ ions. In this review, we present a summary of the design strategies, detection mechanisms, and applications of various Bi³⁺ chemosensors reported since 2016. Here, all these chemosensors are categorized into four categories: (i) rhodamine-based chemosensors, (ii) pyrene-based chemosensors, (iii) naphthalene-based chemosensors, and (iv) miscellaneous chemosensors. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of chemosensors, as well as their future prospects, have also been addressed herein. As far as we are aware, this represents the inaugural review of organic molecule-based chromogenic and fluorogenic Bi³⁺ chemosensors.