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Modifiable risk factors for tinnitus: A Mendelian randomization study.

Keliang Zheng¹, Yingchun Zheng¹, Yonghong Lei²

¹Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Sanming, China.

The Journal of International Medical Research

|June 23, 2026

Summary

Central obesity, indicated by waist circumference, is causally linked to tinnitus. Managing abdominal obesity may help prevent tinnitus, a condition with complex contributing factors.

Keywords:

Mendelian randomization analysis abdominal obesity obesity risk factors tinnitus waist circumference

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Area of Science:

Genetics and Epidemiology
Otolaryngology

Background:

Tinnitus is a common condition with multifactorial causes including aging, noise exposure, and smoking.
Precise, modifiable risk factors for tinnitus remain unclear.
Genetic predispositions may influence tinnitus susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate potential genetic factors associated with tinnitus susceptibility.
To explore the causal relationship between life factors and tinnitus risk.

Main Methods:

Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using UK Biobank and FinnGen Biobank data.
Thirteen potential tinnitus risk factors were analyzed.
Inverse-variance weighted models and meta-analysis were employed for robust association testing.

Main Results:

Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin were associated with tinnitus in the UK Biobank cohort.
Smoking showed an association with tinnitus in the FinnGen cohort.
Meta-analysis confirmed a significant association only between waist circumference and tinnitus.

Conclusions:

A causal link exists between central obesity (waist circumference) and tinnitus.
Abdominal obesity represents a potential modifiable target for tinnitus prevention.
Meta-analysis is crucial for validating findings across diverse cohorts in Mendelian randomization studies.