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Cytomegalovirus and HIV Co-Infections During Pregnancy and Early Childhood

Swetha Pinninti1, Nitin Arora2, Suresh Boppana2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. spinninti@uabmc.edu.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|June 23, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections pose a significant health burden for children with or exposed to HIV. While CMV disease is rare in the ART era, its interaction with HIV impacts long-term childhood health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral infection with significant implications for pediatric health.
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in children presents unique challenges, often involving co-infections.
  • Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) is a leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of CMV infections in children exposed to or infected with HIV.
  • To assess the impact of CMV infection on the health outcomes of this vulnerable pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of clinical data on CMV and HIV co-infection outcomes.
  • Synthesis of current research on CMV's impact in HIV-affected children.

Main Results:

  • CMV infections and cCMV represent a substantial health burden requiring long-term follow-up for HIV-exposed and infected children.
  • CMV disease is infrequent in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  • CMV-HIV co-infections may increase cCMV incidence, but long-term outcome effects are not fully understood.

Conclusions:

  • CMV remains a significant concern in HIV-exposed/infected children, necessitating ongoing monitoring.
  • The interplay between CMV and HIV warrants further investigation for its impact on childhood health.
  • Understanding long-term outcomes of CMV-HIV co-infections is crucial for clinical management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Co-infections in pregnant womenCongenital CMVCytomegalovirusDevelopmentHIVHIV-exposedHIV-infectedSensorineural hearing loss

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