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Updated: Jun 24, 2026
06:14
In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
Injury Patterns in Soccer-Induced Maxillofacial Fractures and Ocular Trauma: A Narrative Review
Anaas M Mergoum1, Jacob Lentner2, Brooke Echter3
1Woodwinds Family Medicine Residency Program - M Health Fairview Clinic- Bethesda, University of Minnesota, 580 Rice St., Saint Paul, MN, 55103, USA. Mergo004@umn.edu.
Sports Medicine - Open
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Soccer players frequently experience maxillofacial fractures, especially zygoma fractures from head impacts, and ocular trauma like contusions from ball impacts. Pediatric players are at higher risk for eye injuries.
Area of Science:
- Sports medicine
- Ophthalmology
- Trauma surgery
Background:
- Soccer is associated with significant maxillofacial and ocular injuries.
- These injuries can have lasting functional, aesthetic, and visual impacts.
- Limited reviews address both injury types in soccer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review soccer-related maxillofacial fractures and ocular trauma patterns.
- To aid clinicians in timely diagnosis and management.
- To identify research gaps in soccer injury data.
Main Methods:
- Literature synthesis of existing studies on soccer injuries.
- Analysis of fracture locations and injury mechanisms.
- Review of ocular injury types and affected demographics.
Main Results:
- Zygoma fractures are most common (32.8%), often from head-to-head contact.
- Orbital/eyelid contusions (37.1%) and hyphemas (19.5%) are leading ocular injuries, caused by ball impact.
- Boys aged 2-9 are at higher risk for ocular trauma in soccer.
Conclusions:
- Zygoma fractures result from head collisions; ocular injuries from ball impact.
- Pediatric soccer players may be more vulnerable to eye trauma.
- Fundoscopic exams are crucial post-impact to rule out retinal injury.
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