Diagnostic Delay in Multiple Sclerosis in China: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a rare neurological disease in China.
• Limited evidence exists on the extent and factors contributing to MS diagnostic delays in China.
• This study addresses the gap in understanding MS diagnostic delays within the Chinese healthcare context.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the proportion and duration of diagnostic delays in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in China.
• To identify sociodemographic, clinical, and health system factors associated with MS diagnostic delays.
• To provide insights for strategies aimed at reducing diagnostic delays in MS.

Main Methods:

• A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2022 with 722 adults diagnosed with MS.
• Diagnostic delay was defined as the time from symptom onset to diagnosis, with >3 months considered delayed.
• Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors associated with diagnostic delay, including health literacy and initial consultation department.

Main Results:

• 48.48% of participants experienced a diagnostic delay longer than 3 months.
• The mean delay was 16.23 months, with most delays occurring after the first consultation.
• Higher health literacy, initial neurology consultation, and recent symptom onset (≥2018) were linked to reduced diagnostic delay.

Conclusions:

• MS diagnostic delays are prevalent in China, influenced by low health literacy and healthcare system inefficiencies.
• Improving public awareness, implementing structured referral systems, and enhancing diagnostic capabilities are crucial.
• Findings can inform strategies to reduce diagnostic delays in developing countries and improve MS patient outcomes.