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Related Concept Videos

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
03:25

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Erratum

    Obesity Facts
    |June 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Children and young people with obesity attending Complications of Excess Weight (CEW) clinics showed slower BMI growth compared to a matched group. These specialized clinics offer a holistic approach, improving weight trajectories and quality of life for pediatric obesity management.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

    Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
    03:25

    Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

    Published on: June 16, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Public Health
    • Obesity Medicine

    Background:

    • Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue in England, affecting 15% of children aged 2-15.
    • Excess weight in childhood often persists into adulthood, with high rates of continued obesity.
    • NHS England's specialist Complications of Excess Weight (CEW) clinics offer a novel, person-centred model for severe pediatric obesity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of specialist Complications of Excess Weight (CEW) clinics for children and young people (CYP) with severe obesity.
    • To compare weight trajectories and health-related quality of life in CYP attending CEW services versus a matched control group.
    • To assess the impact of individual characteristics and clinic variations within the CEW cohort.

    Main Methods:

    • A matched, observational cohort study design was employed.
    • Coarsened exact matching used referral characteristics (age, sex, deprivation, baseline weight, height, calendar year).
    • Multilevel regression (linear mixed models) analyzed weight trajectories (BMI, kg, BMI-SDS) and health-related quality of life (PedsQL).

    Main Results:

    • CEW clinic participation was associated with slower BMI growth compared to the matched control group (n=4,550 vs. n=3,517).
    • BMI differences increased over 24 months, reaching -3.22 kg/m² relative to controls.
    • Health-related quality of life improved among CEW service users, with child-reported PedsQL scores increasing from 54.1 to 57.1.

    Conclusions:

    • CYP attending CEW clinics demonstrated more favorable weight trajectories than matched controls.
    • Improvements in health-related quality of life were observed in CEW service users.
    • The findings suggest significant benefits of the specialized CEW clinic model for managing pediatric obesity and its complications.