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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Published on: December 16, 2021

Developmental stage-dependent cellular plasticity governs β-cell reprogramming efficiency in human fibroblasts.

Naveen Raj¹, Dhaya Shankaran Panneerselvam¹, Rajkumar P Thummer¹

¹Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|June 23, 2026

Summary

Directly reprogramming fibroblasts into beta-like cells is more efficient using neonatal cells. Developmental stage significantly impacts cellular plasticity and reprogramming success for beta-cell generation.

Keywords:

Cellular plasticity Direct reprogramming Human fibroblasts Lentiviral transduction Transcription factors β-cell–like

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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Cellular reprogramming
Developmental biology
Endocrinology

Background:

Direct reprogramming bypasses pluripotent states, reducing tumorigenesis risks.
Generating beta-cell-like cells from fibroblasts is challenging compared to endodermal sources.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficiency of direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into beta-cell-like cells.
To determine the influence of donor cell developmental stage on reprogramming efficiency.

Main Methods:

Lentiviral-mediated reprogramming using Neurog3, Pdx1, and MafA transcription factors.
Comparative analysis of fibroblasts from neonatal, juvenile, and adult stages.
Validation using reporter gene analysis, microscopy, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and immunoblotting.

Main Results:

Neonatal fibroblasts showed the highest reprogramming efficiency, with robust INS and MAFA expression.
Approximately 38% of reprogrammed neonatal cells became INS-positive.
Adult fibroblasts exhibited significantly lower reprogramming responsiveness.
Juvenile fibroblasts showed a more heterogeneous endocrine-like state compared to neonatal fibroblasts.

Conclusions:

The developmental stage of fibroblasts critically influences direct reprogramming efficiency for beta-cell generation.
Neonatal fibroblasts are a more permissive source for generating beta-cell-like cells.
Developmental stage-dependent cellular plasticity is key for optimizing reprogramming outcomes.