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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

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The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
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Accessory carpal bones - Scoping review with meta-analysis: Accessory bones around the scaphoid.

Vojtech Kunc1, Matouš Kroupa2, Michal Beneš3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Center of Endoscopic, Surgical and Clinical Anatomy (CESKA), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Clinic of Trauma Surgery, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic; 1st Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accessory carpal bones are rare wrist variants. This review clarifies their low prevalence, varied imaging features, and occasional clinical significance, highlighting the need for standardized definitions.

Keywords:
Accessory carpal boneBipartite scaphoidMeta-analysisOs centrale carpiScaphoidScoping reviewSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Accessory carpal bones near the scaphoid are uncommon anatomical variants.
  • They can mimic fractures or other pathologies on wrist imaging.
  • Existing literature suffers from inconsistent terminology and definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on accessory bones around the scaphoid.
  • To clarify their prevalence, anatomy, imaging, and clinical presentation.
  • To address limitations in current literature.

Main Methods:

  • Combined systematic review, prevalence meta-analysis, and scoping review.
  • Searched major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar).
  • Included 11 prevalence studies and 60 case reports.

Main Results:

  • Pooled prevalence for individual accessory bones is generally below 0.1%.
  • Reported variants include os centrale carpi, os scaphoideum bipartitum, and others.
  • These variants are usually incidental but can cause pain or diagnostic confusion.

Conclusions:

  • Accessory bones around the scaphoid are rare and poorly characterized.
  • Standardized anatomical definitions and diagnostic criteria are needed.
  • Improved research requires consistent terminology and imaging criteria.