Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 25, 2026
07:38
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
Published on: May 6, 2018
Rhabdomyolysis: a narrative review
Celia Harumi Tengan1, Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira1, Alzira Alves de Siqueira Carvalho2
1Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Rhabdomyolysis, a skeletal muscle necrosis, causes pain and weakness due to elevated creatine kinase (CK). This review covers its causes, clinical findings, and associated syndromes like neuroleptic malignant syndrome and various myopathies.
Area of Science:
- Medicine
- Pathology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Rhabdomyolysis involves acute skeletal muscle necrosis and the release of intracellular components.
- Key indicators include severe myalgia, weakness, edema, and significantly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of rhabdomyolysis in humans.
- To detail clinical and laboratory findings, etiology, treatment, and prevention strategies.
- To highlight associated clinical syndromes and muscular disorders.
Main Methods:
- This study is a narrative review.
- It synthesizes existing literature on rhabdomyolysis.
Main Results:
- Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by muscle breakdown and elevated CK.
- Associated conditions include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotoninergic syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, and various myopathies.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the diverse etiologies and presentations of rhabdomyolysis is crucial for diagnosis and management.
- Prompt recognition and treatment of rhabdomyolysis and its underlying causes can prevent severe complications.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
01:26Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
01:22Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
01:22Lysosomal Hydrolases
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
01:29Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...