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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
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An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with an...
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Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Sterically protected π-electron systems for efficient solid-state photon upconversion.

Naoyuki Harada1, Hayato Shoyama1, Nutnicha Boonmong1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.

Nature Communications
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a solid-state photon upconversion system using triplet-triplet annihilation. This system efficiently converts visible light to ultraviolet light under sunlight conditions, achieving a 1.9% quantum yield.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Developing solid-state photon upconversion (UC) systems is challenging due to the difficulty in achieving high fluorescence quantum yield and rapid triplet exciton diffusion simultaneously.
  • Precise control over chromophore interactions and suppression of singlet/triplet excited state quenching are crucial for efficient UC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solid-state visible-to-ultraviolet photon upconversion system driven by low-intensity light.
  • To identify optimal molecular structures for efficient photon upconversion in both solution and solid states.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and investigation of dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivatives functionalized with alkyl chains.
  • Characterization of photophysical properties including fluorescence quantum yield, triplet lifetime, and triplet diffusion.
  • Evaluation of photon upconversion quantum yield and threshold excitation intensity in solution and crystalline states.

Main Results:

  • Identified an optimal dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivative exhibiting the highest photon upconversion quantum yield.
  • Achieved an absolute photon upconversion quantum yield of 1.9% in the solid-state system.
  • Demonstrated a low threshold excitation intensity of 1.2 mW cm⁻² for the solid-state system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dihydroindeno[2,1-a]indene derivatives effectively meet the requirements for efficient solid-state photon upconversion.
  • The solid-state system shows robustness against crystalline defects, maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield and efficient triplet dynamics.
  • This work presents a promising approach for low-intensity light-driven solid-state photon upconversion.