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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Published on: March 7, 2025
Virtual twins and the future of human developmental biology
Maria Abou Chakra1, Nika Shakiba2,3
1The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. maria.abouchakra@utoronto.ca.
Abstract:
Human development begins with a zygote, yet how this cell forms complex tissues remains a mystery. Progress has been limited by ethical constraints and scarce biological materials. Advances in stem-cell models and virtual twins are now transforming research, healthcare, and our understanding of development. Collaboration among scientists, ethicists, and policymakers is essential to responsibly advance these tools. The Virtual Human Development consortium will bridge experts to co‑develop a reliable simulation platform.
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