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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution
07:30

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Published on: October 7, 2016

Spatial transcriptomics reveals coordinated ventricular patterning and maturation in the developing human heart.

Zehao Yao1, Lina Bai2,3, Yifan Xie2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. yaozehao4@gmail.com.

Nature Communications
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps the developing human heart using spatiotemporal transcriptomics, revealing how specialized regions like the papillary muscle form. It uncovers gene expression patterns guiding ventricular development and maturation.

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Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence
06:27

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence

Published on: April 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution
07:30

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Published on: October 7, 2016

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence
06:27

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence

Published on: April 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Human heart development involves complex gene regulation across tissues.
  • Understanding spatial organization and regional integration in cardiac development is crucial but remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of the developing human heart.
  • To resolve anatomically coherent compartments and identify specialized subpopulations.
  • To define a spatial framework for ventricular patterning and maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling 30 sections of developing human hearts (8-15 post-conception weeks).
  • Utilizing spatiotemporal transcriptomics, treating spatial spots as multicellular units.
  • Applying trajectory inference and integrative developmental analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specialized subpopulations, including the Papillary muscle and Atrioventricular Plane.
  • Discovery of a continuous endocardium-to-epicardium transcriptional gradient in the ventricle.
  • Observation of coordinated gene expression, transcription factor activity, and signaling pathway changes during maturation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a spatial framework for human ventricular patterning and maturation.
  • It offers a valuable resource for studying human cardiac development and associated diseases.
  • Gene expression gradients and regional specialization are key to coordinated cardiac development.