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Energy-efficient wireless network control via spatio-temporal deep learning and multi-agent reinforcement learning.

Khalil M Abdelnaby^1,2, Mohammed A F Al-Husainy³, Mohammad O Alhawarat³

¹Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan. k.abdelnaby@ammanu.edu.jo.

Scientific Reports

|June 23, 2026

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an AI framework using deep learning and reinforcement learning to optimize energy efficiency in wireless networks. The AI-Enhanced Energy Optimization Framework (AEEOF) significantly reduces energy consumption and improves network performance.

Area of Science:

Wireless Communication Networks
Artificial Intelligence in Telecommunications
Network Energy Efficiency

Background:

Rapid growth in wireless data traffic strains network energy consumption, creating a conflict between performance and sustainability.
Optimizing energy efficiency in interference-heavy scenarios like power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is complex due to coupled power and resource allocation.
Existing methods struggle to adapt to dynamic network conditions and interference patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an adaptive and energy-aware network control framework using artificial intelligence.
To address the challenges of energy-efficient optimization in interference-intensive wireless networks.
To improve both network performance and energy sustainability.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

5G and beyond Artificial intelligence Energy-efficient wireless networks Interference management Multi-agent systems Non-orthogonal multiple access Reinforcement learning Resource allocation Spatio-temporal learning Sustainable communications

Related Experiment Videos

Introduced an AI-Enhanced Energy Optimization Framework (AEEOF) integrating deep spatio-temporal learning and reinforcement learning.
Employed a Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (ST-GCN) for spatial interference modeling and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for temporal traffic dynamics.
Utilized a Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) controller for adaptive power and timing policy decisions.

Main Results:

Achieved up to 15% energy savings and a 40% improvement in energy efficiency (bits per joule).
Enhanced overall system throughput by 6.25% and increased cell-edge user data rates by up to 60%.
Improved fairness by 20% and reduced outage probability by 70% in simulations.

Conclusions:

The AI-Enhanced Energy Optimization Framework (AEEOF) demonstrates significant improvements in energy efficiency and network performance.
Intelligent spatio-temporal learning is a viable approach for optimizing wireless networks in high-interference environments.
The framework's adaptive control effectively manages dynamic network conditions for enhanced sustainability and performance.