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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Pre-Implantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on a Semiconductor Based Next-Generation Sequencing Platform
Published on: August 17, 2022
Identification of 46,XX/46,XY chimerism in a normal fertile male by low-pass copy number variation sequencing and
Yiming Sun1, Lulu Xiang2, Caixia Lei1
1Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Purpose:
To describe a rare case of a normal fertile male with the specific tissue distribution of 46,XX in the peripheral blood and gonadal chimerism confirmed by the novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodology.
Methods:
Cytogenetic analyses, low-pass copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and NGS-based short tandem repeat (STR) tests.
Results:
Routine peripheral blood karyotyping showed 46,XX. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of lymphocyte metaphase nuclei confirmed 46,XX and sex-determine region Y (SRY)-negative. Further CNV-seq revealed the presence of Y chromosome in the semen. NGS-based STR tests discovered low-level Y chromosome in the buccal mucosa and three alleles in the semen, suggesting that this chimerism is likely the outcome of a parthenogenetically activated oocyte fertilized by a Y and X sperm. The patient underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and resulted in a normal singleton pregnancy.
Conclusion:
Individuals with 46,XX/46,XY chimerism in the gonad can display normal phenotype and fertility. NGS has proved to be a promising alternative to conventional chimerism assays.
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