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Published on: November 12, 2015
Multilayered nucleotide organization reveals purifying selection and host-driven adaptation in CPV and FPV
Xili Feng1, Liwen Xu1, Chengqi Zhang1
1Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China.
BMC Veterinary Research
|June 24, 2026
Summary
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) share nucleotide organization patterns, revealing insights into their evolutionary divergence. Both viruses show adaptation to hosts, with CPV genes better adapted to felines than canines.
Area of Science:
- * Virology
- * Evolutionary Biology
- * Molecular Genetics
Background:
- * Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is the likely ancestor of canine parvovirus (CPV).
- * Understanding nucleotide organization differences can illuminate the evolutionary divergence between CPV and FPV.
- * Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into viral evolution and host adaptation.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To characterize evolutionary patterns in CPV and FPV genes at multiple nucleotide organization levels.
- * To investigate the role of natural selection and host-associated pressures on viral genome composition.
- * To compare the translational adaptation of CPV and FPV genes to their respective hosts.
Main Methods:
- * Comparative analysis of nucleotide usage, CpG dinucleotide representation, synonymous codon usage, codon neighboring nucleotide context, and codon pair usage across viral genes.
- * Assessment of Ka/Ks ratios to infer selection pressures.
- * Evaluation of tRNA adaptation for structural (VP1, VP2) and nonstructural genes.
Main Results:
- * Both CPV and FPV exhibit conserved nucleotide usage at nonsynonymous sites under strong purifying selection, with greater variability at synonymous sites.
- * Underrepresentation of CpG dinucleotides suggests host-associated selection or intrinsic nucleotide constraints.
- * Nonrandom biases in codon usage, context, and pairs indicate fine-scale genomic optimization.
- * Structural protein genes show stronger codon usage bias and higher tRNA adaptation than nonstructural genes.
- * CPV genes demonstrate greater translational adaptation to feline hosts compared to canine hosts.
Conclusions:
- * Closely related parvoviruses like CPV and FPV utilize flexible nucleotide organization for host adaptation.
- * Essential protein functions are maintained despite genomic adaptations driven by natural selection and host pressures.
- * Comparative genomics reveals intricate mechanisms of viral evolution and host-virus interactions.
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