Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recommendation for the use of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi·2025
Same author

Superior persistence of ustekinumab compared to anti-TNF in vedolizumab-experienced inflammatory bowel diseases patients: a real-world cohort study.

BMC gastroenterology·2024
Same author

Orally delivered perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaf extract effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Syrian hamster model.

Journal of food and drug analysis·2024
Same author

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intranasally-administered detoxified LTh(αK) in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2024
Same author

High cumulative antibiotic exposure in extremely low birth weight infants during the first month of life: Risk factors and clinical outcomes.

Pediatrics and neonatology·2024
Same author

Identifying the function of novel cross-species microRNAs from the excretory-secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae.

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi·2024
Same journal

From farm to flask: stable genotypes and shifting microbiomes in the ecological dynamics of Balantioides coli from a One Health perspective.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same journal

The American Heartworm Society and Association of Shelter Veterinarians' 2024 Shelter Heartworm Management Practices Survey.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of a commercial ELISA based on two recombinant antigens for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same journal

Trouble from the tiger: first detection of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus in Australia during a 2024 dengue outbreak on Masig Island.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same journal

Mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA barcoding improve species delimitation of ixodid ticks in Peninsular Malaysia.

Parasites & vectors·2026
Same journal

Immune-reproductive cross talk in mosquitoes: molecular pathways and energy homeostasis.

Parasites & vectors·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

Long-read transcriptomics corrects Trichomonas vaginalis intron annotations and refines transcript-end features.

Yuan-Ming Yeh1,2,3, Wei-Hung Cheng4,5, Kuo-Yang Huang6

  • 1Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

Parasites & Vectors
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study refines intron annotations in Trichomonas vaginalis using long-read sequencing, identifying 17 new introns and improving transcript features for better parasite research.

Keywords:
Trichomonas vaginalis5′/3′ UTRDirect RNA sequencingGenome annotationIntron annotationLong-read transcriptomicsPolyadenylationUAAA signal

More Related Videos

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
18:30

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions
14:58

High-Throughput Transcriptome Analysis for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: March 5, 2022

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
18:30

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: February 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Trichomonas vaginalis is a major cause of sexually transmitted infections globally.
  • Existing intron annotations in T. vaginalis are incomplete and lack consistent validation.
  • Short-read sequencing has limitations in accurately defining splice boundaries and full transcript structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve intron annotations and transcript features in the T. vaginalis genome.
  • To leverage long-read sequencing technologies for accurate transcriptomic analysis.
  • To establish a validated resource for T. vaginalis functional genomics and diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS), long-read cDNA sequencing, and Illumina RNA-seq.
  • Validation of candidate introns using targeted PCR and Sanger sequencing.
  • Assessment of splicing events using public Sequence Read Archive (SRA) datasets.

Main Results:

  • Identified 17 additional validated introns, expanding the curated set to 48.
  • Discovered three previously unrecognized introns and corrected five annotation errors.
  • Refined UTR boundaries and characterized transcript termination and polyadenylation features using DRS.

Conclusions:

  • Generated a rigorously validated, long-read-refined resource for T. vaginalis intron annotations and transcript-end features.
  • Developed a reproducible workflow applicable to non-model protists.
  • Enhanced the T. vaginalis reference annotation to support future research in parasite biology and diagnostics.