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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Clinical and Inflammatory Phenotypes During Exacerbations Predict In-Hospital Adverse Outcomes in Asthma-COPD

Lishan Yuan1, Lei Wang1, Yulai Yuan2

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Distinct inflammatory phenotypes in asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) exacerbations predict patient outcomes. Neutrophil-dominant inflammation indicates the highest risk, suggesting early, phenotype-based stratification for personalized management.

Keywords:
acute exacerbationasthma‐COPD overlapbiomarkersinflammatory phenotypesprecision medicine

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians
04:03

Alternative Therapy for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Moving Cupping Along Meridians

Published on: September 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) exacerbations carry high mortality.
  • The heterogeneity of acute-phase inflammation in ACO exacerbations is not well understood.
  • Characterizing inflammatory phenotypes is crucial for understanding differential outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct inflammatory phenotypes during hospitalization for ACO exacerbations.
  • To evaluate the association between these phenotypes and in-hospital clinical outcomes.
  • To develop and validate a predictive model for adverse outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective two-center cohort study of 2444 ACO patients.
  • Unsupervised k-means clustering of baseline inflammatory markers and clinical data to identify phenotypes.
  • Logistic regression, causal mediation analysis, and nomogram validation (AUC) for outcome prediction.

Main Results:

  • Three phenotypes identified: T1 (neutrophil-dominant systemic inflammation), T2 (eosinophilic), and T3 (balanced).
  • Phenotype T1 showed the highest adverse outcome rate (24.2%) with elevated inflammatory markers (NLR, CRP, PCT, IL-6).
  • Absolute neutrophil count, D-dimer, and absolute lymphocyte count were key predictors; nomogram achieved AUC of 0.775 (training) and 0.766 (validation).

Conclusions:

  • Distinct inflammatory phenotypes in ACO exacerbations are associated with varying in-hospital outcomes.
  • Neutrophil-dominant phenotypes confer the highest risk of adverse events.
  • Early, phenotype-based risk stratification using simple blood biomarkers can guide individualized ACO management.