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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Published on: March 19, 2017

Quaternary Ammonium Additives Enable Efficient and Stable 1.77 eV Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells.

Peng Li¹, Zihao Pan¹, Yu Wang¹

¹College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal

|June 24, 2026

Summary

Tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBABr3) additive enhances wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by passivating defects. This boosts efficiency and significantly improves long-term stability for tandem solar cell applications.

Keywords:

bifunctional passivator phase segregation suppression tetrabutylammonium tribromide wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy
Solid-State Physics

Background:

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are vital for tandem solar cells but face efficiency and stability challenges.
Industrialization of PSCs is hindered by intrinsic defects affecting performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBABr3) as an additive for defect passivation in WBG PSCs.
To enhance the efficiency and long-term stability of WBG PSCs for tandem applications.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of TBABr3 as an additive in the perovskite bulk layer.
Investigation of TBABr3's interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ and I- vacancies.
Fabrication and characterization of WBG PSC devices with and without TBABr3.

Main Results:

TBABr3 passivates intrinsic defects by interacting with Pb2+ and filling I- vacancies, reducing defect density.
Achieved a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.327 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.34%.
Demonstrated significantly improved device stability, retaining 90% efficiency after 1000 h in the dark and 79% after 300 h of continuous illumination.

Conclusions:

TBABr3 effectively passivates defects in WBG PSCs, leading to enhanced efficiency and stability.
This passivation strategy offers a viable solution for WBG PSC stability issues.
The findings advance the industrialization of stable and efficient tandem solar cells.