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Related Concept Videos

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Causality in Epidemiology01:21

Causality in Epidemiology

Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Building Quality Through Structure: How Narrative Gaps and Conspiracy Beliefs Influence Health Message Coherence.

Samantha B Lorenzo1, Sylvester Senyo Ofori-Parku1

  • 1School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.

Journal of Health Communication
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contradictory health messages erode public trust by creating narrative gaps. Clear, coherent communication is crucial for maintaining credibility during health crises.

Keywords:
COVID-19Health communicationconspiracy beliefsmessage coherencemisinformationnarrative gaps

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Health Communication
  • Psychology
  • Information Science

Background:

  • Health communication quality suffers during crises due to evolving, often contradictory, guidance.
  • Narrative gaps and conspiracy beliefs can influence public perception of message quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how narrative gaps and conspiracy beliefs affect public evaluations of health message quality.
  • To compare the impact of contradictory versus coherent health messages on trust and credibility.

Main Methods:

  • An online experiment (N=790) exposed U.S. adults to contradictory or coherent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) COVID-19 testing protocols.
  • Participants evaluated message reliability, effectiveness, credibility, and trust in government and scientists.

Main Results:

  • Contradictory messages significantly undermined message reliability, effectiveness, credibility, and trust.
  • Perceived narrative gaps, not active gap-filling, were the primary mechanism driving these negative effects.
  • COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs moderated gap-filling behavior but did not increase gap perception.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived incoherence in health messages is a key factor eroding public trust.
  • Designing coherent, gap-minimizing narratives is vital for sustaining credibility in dynamic information environments.