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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.

Sana Arooj1, Akmal Zubair2, Syeda Zaira Batool2

  • 1Warwick Medical School, Student University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Microbiologyopen
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lungs host a diverse microbiome, influenced by the upper respiratory tract, that plays a crucial role in defending against respiratory pathogens. Understanding this lung microbiome is key to addressing respiratory disorders and infections.

Keywords:
bacteriomeimmunityinfectionslungsmicrobiomevirome

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
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Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

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An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The lungs, previously thought sterile, harbor a complex microbial community.
  • The lung microbiome is shaped by the upper respiratory tract and unique pulmonary defense mechanisms.
  • Research has focused on bacteria, with less attention to fungi (mycobiome) and viruses (virome).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origin, composition, and function of the lung microbiome.
  • To emphasize the lung microbiome's role in host defense against respiratory pathogens.
  • To discuss the influence of lung microbial communities on respiratory disorders and infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review utilizing databases like PubMed, Scopus/Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Medline.
  • Focus on research up to December 2025.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on lung microbiome composition and function.

Main Results:

  • The lung microbiome is distinct due to selective pressures like cilia, macrophages, and surfactant.
  • Host-microbe interactions within the lung microbiome are critical for protection against pathogens.
  • Lung microbial communities impact susceptibility and defense during viral and bacterial infections.

Conclusions:

  • The lung microbiome is integral to respiratory health and disease.
  • Further research into the lung mycobiome and virome is warranted.
  • Understanding the lung microbiome offers therapeutic potential for respiratory conditions like asthma.