Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview01:11

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC): Overview

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique that separates compounds based on their polarity. TLC typically uses polar silica gel, a form of silicon dioxide, as the stationary phase. The silica gel contains hydroxyl (OH) groups on its surface, which form hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, influencing their adhesion to the stationary phase.
To begin the analysis, a mixture of compounds is spotted on the starting line on the TLC plate using a thin capillary. The bottom of the...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Effect of yak and Tibetan sheep dung decomposition on the nutrient of soil-plant system in the Qinghai Lake Region].

Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology·2026
Same author

AlF<sub>3</sub>-Decorated 3D Graphene Aerogel as a Multifunctional Host Material for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anodes.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: A promising approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

International journal of pharmaceutics: X·2025
Same author

The CDK9-targeting degrader PO-8 alleviates LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting JAK-STAT signaling in vitro and in vivo.

Biochemical pharmacology·2025
Same author

Tryptase-like proteases: A novel perspective for fibrosis.

Life sciences·2025
Same author

Recapitulating dengue virus infection with human pluripotent stem cell-derived liver organoids for antiviral screening.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
06:50

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Orthogonal Separation of Propolis by Grafted Reversed-Phase × Normal-Phase Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography

Hai-Yu Lu1, Meng-Qi Li1, Yuan-Ying Chen1

  • 1Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Journal of Separation Science
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) method enhances propolis analysis. This technique improves the separation and assessment of complex natural extracts, offering a robust profiling strategy.

Keywords:
image processing algorithmphenolic compoundspropolisseparation resolutiontwo‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatography

More Related Videos

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
06:50

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Natural Product Analysis

Background:

  • Propolis is a complex natural resin with diverse chemical constituents.
  • Analyzing complex natural products like propolis requires advanced separation techniques.
  • Existing methods may lack the resolution and systematic evaluation needed for such samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel grafted reversed-phase × normal-phase two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (RP × NP 2D-TLC) method.
  • To create a MATLAB-based application for systematic evaluation of 2D-TLC separation performance.
  • To apply the method for the qualitative profiling and separation assessment of propolis.

Main Methods:

  • Grafted RP × NP 2D-TLC was employed for separation.
  • A MATLAB-based application was developed to assess positional repeatability, orthogonality, and resolution.
  • The application utilizes a separation space method and specialized resolution algorithms for irregular spot shapes.

Main Results:

  • The orthogonal RP × NP 2D-TLC system successfully separated 29 components in propolis.
  • An effective separation area of 44.8% was achieved.
  • 55.2% of resolved components showed high resolution (>1.0).

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D-TLC platform offers a robust and accessible strategy for complex natural extract analysis.
  • The method enables rapid qualitative profiling and effective separation performance assessment.
  • This approach is valuable for the systematic study of chemically intricate natural products.