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Niche Overlap Is Not Enough: Same Overlap, Contrasting Fluctuations.

Akiva Goldberg1, Oshrit Shtossel2,3, Yoram Louzoun2

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Niche overlap alone may not fully explain species coexistence dynamics. A new metric, yield-depletion mismatch (YDM), better predicts abundance correlations in microbial communities by capturing underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Theoretical Ecology
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Niche overlap (NO) is a fundamental concept in coexistence theory, quantifying interspecies competition.
  • However, NO simplifies complex ecological interactions into a single metric, potentially obscuring crucial dynamical information.
  • Temporal correlations in species abundances are key out-of-equilibrium observables, especially in microbial systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the limitations of niche overlap in predicting ecological dynamics.
  • To introduce and validate a new metric, yield-depletion mismatch (YDM), for predicting species abundance correlations.
  • To explore the relationship between different ecological metrics and dynamical patterns in consumer-resource models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a MacArthur-type consumer-resource model to simulate ecological communities.
  • Examined temporal correlations in species abundances as a key dynamical observable.
  • Introduced and tested yield-depletion mismatch (YDM) against analytical approximations, stochastic simulations, and real microbial time-series data.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that communities with identical niche overlap can exhibit opposing dynamical patterns.
  • Showed that yield-depletion mismatch (YDM) consistently predicts the sign and magnitude of abundance correlations within the studied resource-mediated fluctuation regime.
  • Confirmed that growth-rate correlations are primarily governed by niche overlap, unlike abundance correlations.

Conclusions:

  • Ecological dynamics, particularly abundance correlations, are influenced by mechanistic details beyond simple niche overlap.
  • Yield-depletion mismatch (YDM) offers a more comprehensive predictor of abundance dynamics in microbial ecology.
  • Dynamical observables provide richer insights into community structure and function than static measures like niche overlap alone.