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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

Overview
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Does Metabolically Healthy Obesity Really Exist: Going Toward New Definitions.

Christian Rodriguez1, Eric Ravussin1

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The concept of "metabolically healthy obesity" is debated. A new framework distinguishes preclinical obesity from clinical obesity based on organ function, offering better risk assessment for this chronic disease.

Keywords:
clinical obesitydiabetesmetabolic syndromepreclinical obesity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic disease research
  • Obesity medicine

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex chronic disease with varied metabolic profiles.
  • The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is controversial due to inconsistent definitions and clinical relevance.
  • Individuals with similar body mass index (BMI) can display different cardiometabolic risk factor levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review obesity phenotypes using the Lancet Commission's preclinical/clinical obesity framework.
  • To evaluate the validity and clinical utility of the metabolically healthy obesity concept.
  • To propose an alternative framework for classifying obesity based on organ function.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a narrative review of PubMed-indexed studies.
  • Focused on the preclinical/clinical obesity framework from the Lancet Commission.
  • Prioritized large epidemiological cohorts and mechanistic studies with detailed phenotyping.

Main Results:

  • The metabolically healthy obesity concept suffers from inconsistent definitions and poor long-term stability.
  • Emerging evidence supports a disease-based framework differentiating preclinical obesity (excess adiposity, preserved organ function) from clinical obesity (organ dysfunction).

Conclusions:

  • The preclinical and clinical obesity framework offers a biologically grounded, actionable model.
  • This function-oriented approach aligns obesity classification with organ dysfunction and disease progression.
  • Adopting this continuum-based model can improve risk stratification and therapeutic guidance.