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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

Cognitive dysfunction associated with cellular immunotherapy for cancer.

Anna G Hauswirth1, Michael W Parsons2, Jorg Dietrich1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Neuro-Oncology Advances
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T-cell engaging immunotherapies like CAR-T cells show promise against cancer but can cause neurotoxicity. Acute cognitive effects are clearer, but long-term impacts of these cancer treatments require further study.

Keywords:
CAR-TICANScognitioncognitive functionimmunotherapy

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Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
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Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
11:24

Stem Cell Transplantation Strategies for the Restoration of Cognitive Dysfunction Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Immunotherapies, including T cell engagers (TCEs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies (CAR-T), harness the immune system to combat hematologic and solid malignancies.
  • While effective, these therapies can induce significant systemic and neurologic toxicities, notably cognitive dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current and emerging literature on the cognitive effects of T-cell engaging immunotherapies.
  • To examine acute, subacute, and potential long-term cognitive outcomes associated with CAR-T cells and similar therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing and emerging research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating neurotoxicity and cognitive outcomes following T-cell based immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Acute cognitive effects, including immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), are increasingly understood.
  • Data regarding long-term subjective and objective cognitive outcomes after T-cell immunotherapies remains mixed and requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • T-cell engaging immunotherapies offer durable responses but necessitate careful monitoring for neurotoxicity.
  • Additional research is crucial to fully understand and manage the long-term cognitive sequelae as these cancer therapies gain wider application.