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Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
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Published on: February 15, 2015

Temporal recalibration in schizophrenia: a compensatory timing trap?

Ali Aytemur1, Ayşen Esen Danacı2, Osman İyilikci1

  • 1Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.

Neuroscience of Consciousness
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show enhanced sensorimotor temporal recalibration to adapt to neural delays. However, this heightened adaptation may disrupt the sense of agency and causality, potentially triggering positive symptoms.

Keywords:
delay adaptationdysconnectivityschizophreniasensorimotor temporal recalibrationtemporal adaptation

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Published on: March 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia involves neural dysconnectivity and temporal coordination issues.
  • Patients often maintain coherent perception and agency, a paradox needing explanation.
  • Research has focused on symptom emergence, not preserved conscious experience mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the dual role of sensorimotor temporal recalibration in schizophrenia.
  • Determine if recalibration compensates for neural incoherence or triggers symptoms.
  • Explore mechanisms supporting preserved conscious experience in schizophrenia patients.

Main Methods:

  • A visuomotor temporal-order-judgement task was used.
  • Clinically stable schizophrenia patients and healthy controls were compared.
  • Adaptation to sensorimotor asynchronies (0, 150, 300 ms) preceded testing.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly greater temporal recalibration than controls.
  • Patients showed enhanced adaptation to sensorimotor asynchronies.
  • No group differences in temporal precision (just noticeable differences) were found.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia patients possess an intact, potentially overactive, recalibration mechanism.
  • This mechanism may counteract neural delays but can distort perceived causality and agency.
  • Overreliance on recalibration may contribute to positive symptoms in schizophrenia.