Prenatal Diagnosis and Monitoring of Type III Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation: A Case Report

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare congenital lung anomaly resulting from abnormal bronchial development and disorganized respiratory structures, producing nonfunctional pulmonary lesions. Although uncommon, CPAM is the most frequently diagnosed congenital lung malformation. Prenatal identification allows for risk stratification and anticipatory management. Here we present a case of a fetus prenatally diagnosed with a type III CPAM during routine obstetric ultrasonography. Weekly ultrasonography was performed to monitor lesion progression and evaluate for complications, including mediastinal shift and hydrops fetalis. Multidisciplinary prenatal surveillance guided management during pregnancy. The pregnancy course, delivery planning, and neonatal outcomes are presented.