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Responsible research evaluation: integrating quality, leadership, and integrity in national systems. The case of Peru
Pablo Alejandro Millones-Gómez1, Jean Paul Simon Castillo-Nunez1, Kenyie Jossuet Paucca-Calla1
1Grupo INSCIENCE, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.
Introduction:
National research evaluation systems often rely on publication-based metrics that equate productivity with performance while overlooking scientific leadership and research integrity. This study examines the Peruvian National Registry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (RENACYT) to inform a more multidimensional framework for research evaluation.
Materials And Methods:
An observational, non-experimental, and analytical study was conducted using data from RENACYT, Scopus, and SciVal for 9,651 researchers during 2019-2024. Four dimensions were assessed across hierarchical levels: scientific production, journal-based impact (Q1-Q4), corresponding authorship as a proxy of leadership, and retractions as indicators of research integrity. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, repeated-measures tests, and count regression models (Poisson, negative binomial, and zero-inflated specifications) were applied.
Results:
A total of 92,284 publications were identified. Productivity increased across RENACYT levels (3.9 publications in Level VII vs. 62.5 in Distinguished; F = 1,162.572, p < 0.001), although with substantial within-level dispersion and differentiated temporal trajectories (Time × Level: F = 44.662, p < 0.001). Higher levels concentrated Q1 output (30.8 vs. 0.7 articles per author; F = 1,090.183, p < 0.001), while differences became less pronounced in Q3-Q4 journals. Corresponding authorship increased with level (β = 1.624 for Level I, p < 0.001) but remained heterogeneous even among top categories. Retractions were positively associated with productivity (coef. = 0.013, p < 0.001) reflecting differential exposure to integrity-related risks rather than uniform patterns across levels.
Conclusion:
RENACYT captures gradients in productivity and quality but insufficiently differentiates leadership and integrity. These findings support the proposal of a hybrid evaluation framework integrating productivity with explicit recognition of intellectual leadership and research integrity.
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