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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

The quantified immune-aging dysregulation index: a large-language model-powered method for annotating and quantifying

George D Vavougios¹, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou¹

¹Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

|June 24, 2026

Summary

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TENSE quantifies immune-aging dysregulation from pathway enrichment analysis. This framework uses a Large Language Model to classify pathways, providing a reproducible measure of system-level aging processes for comparative analysis.

Area of Science:

Computational biology
Bioinformatics
Systems biology

Background:

Pathway enrichment analysis is crucial for interpreting transcriptomic data but yields qualitative results difficult to compare.
Quantitative methods for semantic classification of enrichment results into mechanistically interpretable measures are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce TENSE (quanTifiEd immuNe-aging dySregulation index), a novel framework for quantifying immune-aging dysregulation.
To enable reproducible and comparative analysis of aging-associated biological processes across diverse datasets.

Main Methods:

Developed TENSE, a framework utilizing a Large Language Model classifier within a KNIME workflow.
Semantically classified significantly enriched pathways into five mechanistic categories (DIRES: DNA damage, DNA repair, epigenetic drift, inflammaging, nucleic acid sensing).

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease KNIME analytics platform artificial intelligence differential gene expression gene expression data inflammation large language model scoring–algorithm

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Aggregated pathway-derived signals into a normalized dysregulation score (TENSE) and distribution (DIRES).

Main Results:

Applied TENSE to neurodegenerative, radiation-response, and immune activation datasets, revealing distinct dysregulation profiles.
Alzheimer's disease modules showed inflammaging signatures; radiation response datasets displayed DNA damage signals.
Sepsis signatures yielded high TENSE values due to strong inflammatory contributions; high reproducibility was confirmed.

Conclusions:

TENSE offers a reproducible and interpretable method to quantify system-level immune-aging dysregulation from pathway enrichment outputs.
The framework bridges pathway enrichment analysis with mechanistic interpretation, facilitating cross-dataset comparisons of aging processes.