Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Relationship Between State Boredom and Sleep-Wake Disruptions: A Mediation Model via Smartphone Addiction and Bedtime Procrastination.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2026
Same author

Chasing the Present: Cognitive Distortions, Time Perspective, and Alcohol use in Adolescent Gambling.

Journal of gambling studies·2026
Same author

Ru-SATED scale and Sleep Health Index: A systematic review of two leading multidimensional sleep health measures and frameworks across the globe.

Sleep medicine reviews·2026
Same author

Cord blood red cell concentrates for preterm neonate transfusion: Insights from the multicenter BORN trial.

Transfusion·2026
Same author

From Knowledge to Action: Enhancing Herpes Zoster Vaccine Uptake in Diabetic Patients Through Targeted Interventions.

Vaccines·2026
Same author

Land rights institutions and the scope of cooperation.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

How chronotype, sleep-wake cycle, subjective time experience influence retrospective, and prospective memory

Marco Fabbri1, Monica Martoni2

  • 1Department of Psychology Renzo Canestrari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Frontiers in Cognition
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Evening-types experience more sleep disturbances and altered time perception, leading to increased memory lapses. Circadian typology, wake quality, and time perception interact to affect memory performance.

Keywords:
daytime sleepinessmorningness-eveningness preferenceprospective memoryretrospective memorysleep-wake cyclesubjective passage of timetime expansion/boredomtime pressure

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
10:16

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Science
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Sleep-wake cycles and chronotype significantly impact memory consolidation.
  • Subjective time perception influences cognitive functions, especially memory.
  • This study explores the link between sleep-wake quality, circadian typology, and memory failures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sleep-wake quality, circadian typology, and subjective time perception.
  • To examine how these factors predict retrospective and prospective memory failures.
  • To propose a model explaining the interplay between biological rhythms, temporal experience, and memory.

Main Methods:

  • 666 participants completed questionnaires on chronotype (rMEQ), sleep quality (MSQ), memory (PRMQ), and time perception (STQ).
  • Sleep habits during weekdays and weekends were also assessed.
  • Correlational and mediation analyses were employed to examine relationships between variables.

Main Results:

  • Evening-types reported poorer sleep, more memory lapses, and altered time perception (time expansion/boredom).
  • Time pressure and time expansion/boredom were negatively associated with memory performance.
  • Circadian typology influenced wake problems, which in turn affected time perception and memory failures.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian typology, wake disturbances, and subjective time perception interact to influence memory.
  • A model is proposed linking biological rhythms and temporal experience to memory functioning.
  • Attention and arousal may play a role in these memory processes.