Status and future of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector manufacturing

Sixty years of adeno-associated virus (AAV) research illustrates a trajectory marked by basic science exploration, iterative innovation, persistent challenges, a number of clinical setbacks, as well as commercial therapeutic triumphs. This continual evolution has led to recombinant AAV (rAAV) becoming a cornerstone of modern gene therapy. Significant advancements in molecular design, process development, and manufacturing have been made over the past three decades; these improvements are expected to significantly improve the safety, efficacy, and economics of rAAV gene therapies. Beyond rare disease, rAAV vectors have the potential to be used in prevalent conditions such as arthritis, heart failure, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Meeting the vector demands of these disease treatments will require continued innovations in rAAV manufacturing, including further improvements in process optimization and molecular engineering. In addition, the adoption of process intensification and automation strategies, pioneered in other biologics such as monoclonal antibody manufacturing, should prove pivotal in advancing the scale, robustness, and efficiency of rAAV production.