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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

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Published on: August 24, 2019

Exploratory Associations Between Deep Core Muscle Function and Pulmonary Function Across GOLD Stages in Individuals

Nahid Khan1,2, Suresh Mani3, Iqbal Alam4

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.

Physiotherapy Research International : the Journal for Researchers and Clinicians in Physical Therapy
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Deep core muscle function is linked to poorer lung function in COPD patients. Greater airflow limitation generally correlates with weaker deep abdominal muscle activation, suggesting a connection between COPD severity and core muscle control.

Keywords:
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasedeep core muscle functionpressure biofeedback unitpulmonary function

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Dual Test Gas Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Measurement During Exercise in Humans Using the Single-Breath Method

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is linked to diaphragm dysfunction and reduced functional capacity.
  • Altered deep core muscle function may compromise postural stability and functional performance in COPD patients.
  • Objective assessment of deep core muscle activation across COPD severity is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore associations between deep core muscle function and pulmonary function parameters in COPD patients.
  • To investigate these associations across different Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages.
  • Utilize a Pressure Biofeedback Unit (PBU) for objective deep core muscle function assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional exploratory study of 84 individuals with COPD.
  • Pulmonary function measured via spirometry (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC).
  • Deep core muscle function assessed using PBU during Abdominal Drawing-In Maneuver (ADIM).

Main Results:

  • Significant negative correlations found between deep core muscle function and pulmonary function parameters (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FVC).
  • Mean PBU pressure values progressively increased across GOLD stages, indicating poorer function with increased severity.
  • Exploratory analysis showed variable correlations across GOLD stages, requiring cautious interpretation due to small subgroup sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Deep core muscle function assessed by PBU shows an exploratory association with pulmonary function in COPD.
  • Poorer deep abdominal muscle activation was observed in participants with greater airflow limitation.
  • Findings suggest a potential link between COPD severity and altered deep core muscle activation, warranting further hypothesis-generating research.