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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Aerobic Exercise Combined With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in College Students at Suicide Risk:

Cui Yu1, Yuwen Lu2, Cheng Peng1

  • 1Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, China.

Physiotherapy Research International : the Journal for Researchers and Clinicians in Physical Therapy
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
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This pilot study explored combining aerobic exercise with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for college students at suicide risk. The combined approach showed promise in reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • College students face significant risks of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and sleep disturbances.
  • Aerobic exercise and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are individually recognized for their therapeutic effects on affective disorders.
  • Limited research exists on the combined effects of aerobic exercise and rTMS in at-risk college student populations, especially concerning neurophysiological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and safety of combining aerobic exercise with rTMS in college students identified as being at suicide risk.
  • To preliminarily evaluate the impact of this combined intervention on suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality.
  • To investigate the effects on prefrontal functional activation using neuroimaging techniques.
Keywords:
aerobic exercisecollege studentsdepressionfeasibility studiesfunctional near‐infrared spectroscopyrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationsleepsuicidal ideationsuicide risk

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
10:54

Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Published on: November 21, 2025

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, single-center, non-randomized pilot study involving college students aged 18-21 at suicide risk.
  • Participants were assigned to active rTMS plus aerobic exercise, sham rTMS plus aerobic exercise, or a control group receiving psychological intervention/usual support.
  • Interventions included 2 weeks of daily left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS and aerobic exercise sessions every two days, with objective monitoring of heart rate and adherence.

Main Results:

  • Primary outcomes measured changes in suicidal ideation (SIOSS) and depressive symptoms (SDS) from baseline to week 4.
  • Secondary outcomes included dimensional scores for SIOSS and SDS, total sleep time, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures of prefrontal activation.
  • Feasibility, safety, adherence, and adverse events were systematically monitored throughout the study.

Conclusions:

  • The combined intervention of aerobic exercise and rTMS appears feasible and safe for college students at suicide risk.
  • Preliminary findings suggest potential benefits for reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these effects and explore neurophysiological mechanisms.