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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Switching Analyte Selectivity via Metal-Node Modulation in Hydroxy-Functionalized Coordination Polymers: Experimental

Sourav Bej1, Mohit Kumar Chattopadhyay2,3, Riyanka Das4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, St Joseph's University, 36 Lalbagh Road, Shanthinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560027, India.

Inorganic Chemistry
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Two novel hydroxy-functionalized coordination polymers (CPs), STCP-1 and STCP-2, were synthesized for detecting antibiotic residues. STCP-1 detects dimetridazole, while STCP-2 identifies larger antibiotics, showcasing potential for environmental and food safety monitoring.

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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
10:27

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

Published on: July 14, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Coordination polymers (CPs) offer tunable properties through metal node modulation.
  • Hydroxy-functionalized CPs are promising for sensing applications due to their unique electronic and photophysical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize two novel hydroxy-functionalized CPs, STCP-1 and STCP-2.
  • To investigate their efficacy in detecting specific antibiotic residues.
  • To elucidate the sensing mechanisms involved.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) for structural analysis.
  • Fluorescence spectroscopy for detection and quantification.
  • UV-vis, XPS, cyclic voltammetry, and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) for mechanistic studies.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) for theoretical insights.

Main Results:

  • STCP-1 selectively detects dimetridazole (LOD 0.035 ppm) in aqueous media.
  • STCP-2 detects larger antibiotics like doxycycline and tetracycline (LODs 0.143-0.164 ppm) with rapid response times (~5 s).
  • Mechanistic studies indicate photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and non-covalent interactions are key sensing mechanisms.
  • STCP-1 demonstrated practical application in real samples (river water, food supplements) with smartphone-assisted detection.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized hydroxy-functionalized CPs, STCP-1 and STCP-2, exhibit selective and sensitive detection of antibiotic residues.
  • Subtle variations in hydroxy coordination significantly impact CP properties and sensing capabilities.
  • These CPs show great potential for developing advanced analytical tools for environmental and food safety.