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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
09:30

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Characterizing Metabolic and Compositional Heterogeneity of Calf Muscle Using CEST MRI at 3 T.

Huabin Zhang1,2, Kangli Pi1, Ziyan Wang1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

NMR in Biomedicine
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI reveals distinct metabolic signatures in human calf muscles, differentiating deep stabilizers from superficial powerhouses. This noninvasive technique highlights how adiposity impacts muscle physiology and composition.

Keywords:
adipositycalf musclechemical exchange saturation transfer–magnetic resonance imaging (CEST MRI)double‐step multi‐pool Lorentzian fitting (DMPLF)dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human Physiology
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background:

  • Human calf muscles exhibit functional specialization, leading to metabolic variations.
  • Assessing calf muscle metabolic and compositional properties is crucial for evaluating muscle health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the metabolic and compositional heterogeneity of calf muscles using chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla.
  • To explore correlations between CEST MRI-derived contrasts and factors like age, fat content, BMI, and muscular strength.

Main Methods:

  • CEST MRI was conducted on 14 healthy volunteers.
  • CEST contrasts (amide, PCr, rNOE, and MT) were extracted from segmented calf muscles.
  • Correlation analyses were performed between extracted contrasts and physiological/anthropometric data.

Main Results:

  • Distinct CEST signatures were identified between deep stabilizer and superficial powerhouse calf muscles.
  • Significant correlations were found between specific CEST contrasts (e.g., rNOE) and muscular strength, indicating the influence of adiposity.
  • The study demonstrated associations between muscle composition, adiposity, and body composition.

Conclusions:

  • CEST MRI is a feasible method for noninvasively characterizing muscle-specific metabolic and compositional alterations.
  • The technique can differentiate functionally distinct muscle groups based on their metabolic signatures.
  • CEST MRI findings are significantly associated with adiposity and overall body composition.