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Cognitive and Memory Decline in Thyroid Disorders: A Biomarker Based Cross Sectional Study in Aging Adults
M Madhurya1, K Sudha1, K Sowndarya1
1Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
La Clinica Terapeutica
|June 24, 2026
Summary
Thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, is linked to elevated Alzheimer's disease biomarkers like amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), increasing dementia risk.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Endocrinology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology involves oxidative stress, hypercalcemia, and reduced acetylcholine.
- Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) fragment accumulation is a hallmark of AD.
- Thyroid dysfunction may increase the risk of early-onset AD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction and AD.
- To evaluate serum memory and cognitive biomarkers in aging patients with thyroid disorders.
Main Methods:
- Measured serum levels of Aβ42, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GSH, and calcium.
- Compared 45 hyperthyroid patients, 45 hypothyroid patients, and 30 healthy controls.
- Quantified Aβ42 and BDNF using ELISA; measured AChE, GSH, and calcium spectrophotometrically.
Main Results:
- Aβ42, BDNF, AChE, and calcium levels were significantly elevated in both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients compared to controls.
- Elevations in BDNF and AChE were more pronounced in hypothyroid patients.
- GSH levels were elevated in hyperthyroid patients compared to hypothyroid patients and controls.
Conclusions:
- Elevated Aβ42, AChE, and calcium may contribute to cognitive and memory impairment in thyroid disorders.
- Evaluating memory markers is crucial for reducing dementia risk in these patients.
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