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Related Concept Videos

Instrument Transformers01:23

Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers, comprising voltage transformers (VTs) and current transformers (CTs), play crucial roles in power substations by providing isolated replicas of current or voltage for measurement and protection purposes. Voltage transformers reduce the primary voltage to levels suitable for relay operation and measurement, while current transformers scale down the primary current. The primary winding of a current transformer often consists of a single turn, achieved by threading the...
Three-Winding Transformers01:19

Three-Winding Transformers

Three identical single-phase transformers can be configured to form a three-phase transformer connection, which involves high-voltage and low-voltage windings. The high-voltage windings are denoted by capital letters A-B-C, while the low-voltage windings are labeled with lowercase letters a-b-c, representing their respective phases. This notation helps distinguish between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer.
In the per-unit equivalent circuit of a grounded Y-Y three-phase...
Types Of Transformers01:16

Types Of Transformers

Transformers can provide desired voltages to a circuit by modifying the number of turns in the secondary windings.
If the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary winding to that of the primary winding is greater than one, then the transformer is said to be a step-up transformer. In a step-up transformer, the voltage at the secondary winding is greater than the voltage applied at the primary winding.
However, if this ratio is less than one, the transformer is said to be a step-down...
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The winding...
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the rated...
The Ideal Transformer01:26

The Ideal Transformer

In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's tangential component...

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CT: A Controllable Transformer for Multi-Task TCM Facial Inspection.

YiYang Zhou, Yong Lin, LiFeng Chen

    IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics
    |June 24, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) facial diagnosis by overcoming subjectivity. Our Control Transformer (CT) model integrates spatial priors and TCM theory for improved accuracy in AI-assisted TCM diagnostics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
    • Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics
    • Computer Vision

    Background:

    • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) facial inspection offers a non-invasive health assessment but lacks standardization due to subjective practitioner judgment.
    • Applying AI to TCM facial diagnosis presents challenges including spatial heterogeneity, complex task correlations, and integrating domain knowledge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an AI model that addresses the limitations of subjective TCM facial inspection.
    • To improve standardization and scalability in TCM diagnostics through artificial intelligence.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed CT (Control Transformer), a hierarchical multi-task vision transformer.
    • Incorporated task-specific spatial priors using a ControlNet-based module with 'Mingtang' partition masks.
    • Utilized a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) backbone for specialized knowledge sharing and a knowledge-graph-infused FiLM module for theory-guided feature modulation.

    Main Results:

    • CT significantly outperformed existing baseline models on a self-constructed TCM Facial Diagnosis (TCM-FD) dataset.
    • Ablation studies and qualitative analyses confirmed the effectiveness and interpretability of individual model components.

    Conclusions:

    • The Control Transformer (CT) presents a practical and effective paradigm for AI-assisted TCM diagnostics.
    • The developed methods demonstrate a way to integrate domain knowledge and handle complex correlations in medical AI applications.