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Related Concept Videos

Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
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Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
09:03

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation

Published on: February 7, 2012

Co-option and innovation in neural crest evolution.

Igor Adameyko1,2

  • 1Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Science Advances
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The neural crest, a vertebrate cell lineage, acts as an evolutionary opportunist by co-opting cell identities. This plasticity enabled major vertebrate innovations, including the "New Head."

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
09:03

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation

Published on: February 7, 2012

Culturing and Manipulation of O9-1 Neural Crest Cells
08:32

Culturing and Manipulation of O9-1 Neural Crest Cells

Published on: October 9, 2018

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube
12:48

Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

Published on: June 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The neural crest is a transient, stem-like cell population in vertebrates.
  • It is defined by its migratory capacity and multipotency.
  • It plays a crucial role in vertebrate evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neural crest's role as an evolutionary opportunist.
  • To distinguish co-opted features from true innovations within the neural crest.
  • To propose an evolutionary scenario for the neural crest's origin.

Main Methods:

  • This opinion piece synthesizes existing research and evolutionary theory.
  • It analyzes the co-option of identities from other germ layers.
  • It discusses a hypothetical evolutionary pathway for neural crest emergence.

Main Results:

  • The neural crest co-opts identities from mesodermal, placodal, and central nervous system lineages.
  • This co-option facilitated the generation of novel structures.
  • A scenario is proposed where the neural crest originated from a photosensory lineage.

Conclusions:

  • The neural crest's plasticity and migratory behavior enabled major vertebrate innovations.
  • Its ancestral lineage may have been involved in light sensing and camouflage.
  • The neural crest significantly contributed to the evolution of the vertebrate
  • New Head
  • .