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  1. Home
  3. Processing Asymmetry In Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence From Functional Connectivity.
  1. Home
  3. Processing Asymmetry In Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence From Functional Connectivity.

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Processing Asymmetry in Object-modifying Relative Clauses: Evidence from Functional Connectivity.

Wenjia Zhang1, Jie Dong1, Zongwen Gu1

  • 1Xi'an International Studies University.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|June 24, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found a subject-extracted relative clause (SRC) advantage in processing Chinese object-modifying (OM) relative clauses. This advantage is linked to functional connectivity, not just brain activation, supporting the structural distance hypothesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Relative clauses (RCs) allow recursive sentence embedding.
  • Subject-modifying (SM) RCs have been used to study processing asymmetries between subject-extracted RCs (SRCs) and object-extracted RCs (ORCs).
  • Previous studies may be confounded by differing initial sequences in SM-SRCs and SM-ORCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate processing differences between object-modifying subject-extracted RCs (OM-SRCs) and object-modifying object-extracted RCs (OM-ORCs) in Chinese.
  • To examine brain activation and functional connectivity during the processing of these specific RC types.
  • To test the structural distance hypothesis regarding RC processing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants read OM clauses (OM-SRCs and OM-ORCs) in Chinese sentences during fMRI scanning.
  • Analyzed brain activation patterns.
  • Conducted Granger causality analyses to assess interregional brain connectivity.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in brain activation were found between OM-SRCs and OM-ORCs.
    • Granger causality analyses revealed greater ORC-specific connectivity than SRC-specific connectivity.
    • Specifically, increased connectivity from the left inferior frontal gyrus to the superior temporal gyrus was observed for ORCs, suggesting greater interregional interaction.

    Conclusions:

    • Processing Chinese OM-RC sentences shows a subject-extracted relative clause (SRC) advantage.
    • This SRC advantage is primarily reflected in functional connectivity, rather than activation differences.
    • Findings support the structural distance hypothesis in relative clause processing.