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Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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Multiscale flow alignment in cellulose nanocrystals controlled by surface topology.

Ases Akas Mishra1, Amit Kumar Sonker2, Kesavan Sekar3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-41296, Sweden.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Surface topology controls multiscale flow alignment in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions. Different linker topologies decouple mesoscale and nanoscale alignment, revealing higher-order anisotropy effects.

Keywords:
Azedidinium saltsCellulose nanocrystalsPolarized light imagingRheologySmall-angle x-ray scatteringSurface linkers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising nanomaterials with unique flow alignment properties.
  • Understanding multiscale flow alignment is crucial for controlling CNC suspension behavior.
  • Surface modification significantly impacts CNC interactions and macroscopic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how surface topology influences multiscale flow alignment in CNC suspensions.
  • To resolve the propagation of alignment from mesoscale to nanoscale.
  • To establish linker topology as a key variable in CNC alignment behavior.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ rheology combined with polarized light imaging (PLI) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
  • Systematic variation of azetidinium-based dialkyl linker topologies on CNC surfaces.
  • Analysis using higher-order anisotropy parameters and a generalized Maier-Saupe-type anisotropy distribution function.

Main Results:

  • Surface modification decouples mesoscale birefringence (PLI) from nanoscale alignment (SAXS).
  • Maltese-cross pattern appearance in PLI systematically precedes detectable nanoscale alignment.
  • Higher-order anisotropy parameters distinguish alignment regimes not discernible by S₂ alone.
  • Alignment behavior is strongly dependent on linker topology.

Conclusions:

  • Linker topology is a critical controlling variable for multiscale flow alignment in CNC systems.
  • Higher-order anisotropy parameters are essential for characterizing CNC alignment behavior.
  • The study provides insights into designing CNC-based materials with tailored flow properties.