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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos
15:42

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos

Published on: October 27, 2008

Reconstituting human primitive streak formation through extra-embryonic cell coordination.

Qiaoyan Shen1, Xin Zhang2, Naixin Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, National Science Center for Model Animals, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Human Organ Physiopathology Emulation System, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Cell
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extra-embryonic cells critically regulate human embryonic development and primitive streak formation. This study reveals their previously unrecognized role in directing early human embryonic stem cell (ESC) diversification and organization.

Keywords:
cell-cell interactionembryo modelextra-embryonic cellsextra-embryonic mesodermgastrulationgastruloidhuman developmentprimitive streak

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Published on: April 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Human Embryogenesis

Background:

  • Gastrulation is a critical stage in human development, involving complex interactions between embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues.
  • The precise role of extra-embryonic lineages in guiding embryonic diversification and organization remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering early human development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory role of various extra-embryonic cell types on human embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • To explore the potential of microengineering techniques to reconstruct early human gastrulation events.
  • To uncover novel mechanisms governing embryonic cell diversification and organization.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a defined co-culture system using ESCs and specific extra-embryonic cell types (amniotic ectoderm, trophoblast, extra-embryonic mesoderm).
  • Application of microengineering to spatially and molecularly reconstruct cell-cell interactions.
  • Analysis of primitive streak (PS) formation and developmental potential in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that distinct extra-embryonic cells exert specific regulatory control over ESCs.
  • Showcased that coordinated regulation of extra-embryonic cells alone can recapitulate human primitive streak formation.
  • Observed extended developmental potential in the reconstructed embryonic models.

Conclusions:

  • Extra-embryonic lineages play a crucial, previously unrecognized role in directing human embryonic development.
  • The co-culture and microengineering system provides a powerful platform for studying early human gastrulation.
  • This research opens new avenues for investigating and manipulating early developmental processes.