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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

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Published on: February 12, 2014

Open-Geometry PET: Quantifying the Trade-off Between Time-of-Flight Resolution and Angular Coverage.

Gašper Razdevšek¹, Rok Dolenec¹, Matic Orehar²

¹Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.

Physics in Medicine and Biology

|June 24, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High time-of-flight (TOF) resolution in open-geometry positron emission tomography (PET) systems significantly reduces artifacts and improves image quality, even with limited angular coverage. Fast TOF performance enables better image reconstruction and design flexibility for next-generation PET scanners.

Keywords:

GATE Monte Carlo Image reconstruction artifacts Limited angular coverage Open geometry Time-of-flight PET (TOF PET)

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging Physics
Nuclear Medicine Technology
Computational Imaging

Background:

Time-of-flight (TOF) resolution enhances positron emission tomography (PET) by improving event localization, reducing noise, and boosting image quality.
In open-geometry PET systems, TOF can mitigate issues arising from limited angular sampling, such as geometric distortions and reconstruction artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively assess the combined impact of TOF resolution and angular coverage on image quality in open-geometry PET.
To determine the minimum angular coverage required for high-quality reconstructions at various TOF performance levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized Monte Carlo simulations with an idealized PET scanner model to isolate TOF and angular sampling effects.
Evaluated five angular coverages (60°-180°) and six TOF resolutions (25-400 ps FWHM).
Assessed image quality using point sources, Derenzo phantom, and NEMA phantom, measuring spatial resolution, contrast recovery, background variability, and geometric distortion.

Main Results:

TOF resolutions below 100 ps are crucial for open-geometry PET, substantially reducing artifacts and improving image quality.
Fast TOF performance allows image quality to approach that of full-ring systems, even with reduced angular coverage.
Findings were validated using a realistic Monte Carlo model of the Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT scanner.

Conclusions:

Fast TOF resolution is a key factor enabling high-quality imaging in open-geometry PET systems.
Improved TOF performance can reduce the necessary detector coverage while maintaining excellent image quality.
This research offers practical design insights for developing advanced open-geometry PET systems.