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Related Concept Videos

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

DNBS/TNBS Colitis Models: Providing Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fat
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Published on: February 27, 2014

Dietary Protein Source Mediates Colitis Pathogenesis Through Bacterial Modulation of Bile Acids.

Simon M Gray1, Michael C Wood2, Samantha C Mulkeen2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; National Gnotobiotic Rodent Resource Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Switching from beef protein to plant-based protein, like pea protein, can reduce gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Red meat protein exacerbates colitis by altering gut microbes and bile acids, while plant protein and psyllium offer protection.

Keywords:
Dextran Sodium SulfateExperimental ColitisInterleukin10 Deficient MiceMicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Dietary recommendations for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are limited.
  • Red meat consumption is linked to increased IBD incidence and relapse.
  • Plant-based diets may mitigate gut inflammation, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different dietary protein sources on experimental colitis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differential effects of dietary protein on gut inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Isocaloric diets with beef (BP), egg (EP), casein (CP), soy (SP), or pea protein (PP) were tested in murine colitis models.
  • Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.
  • Microbial roles were assessed via antibiotic depletion, germ-free, gnotobiotic, and fecal microbiota transplant studies.

Main Results:

  • Beef protein (BP) diet induced the most severe colitis; pea protein (PP) diet resulted in mild inflammation.
  • BP-induced colitis was microbially mediated, altering gut microbiota and expanding Akkermansia muciniphila.
  • BP increased fecal bile acids (BAs); psyllium protected against BP-induced inflammation and normalized BA ratios.

Conclusions:

  • The protein component of red meat contributes to colitis promotion.
  • Dietary interventions targeting protein source and fiber (psyllium) can modulate gut inflammation and microbial composition in IBD.