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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Introducing Social Perception01:29

Introducing Social Perception

Perceiving others accurately is fundamental to effective communication and relationship-building. Social perception, a key concept in social psychology, refers to the cognitive processes through which individuals gather and interpret information about others to understand their actions, intentions, and motivations. This process extends beyond spoken words and overt behaviors, incorporating subtle nonverbal cues and contextual factors.Nonverbal Cues and Their SignificanceNonverbal cues play a...

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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Published on: March 1, 2017

Formation versus vulcanization of perception.

Ned Block1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, New York University, New York, USA ned.block@nyu.edu.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consciousness may arise from rapid perceptual processing, even if full integration is slow. This fast formation might precede the development of higher-order awareness.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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14:38

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Published on: November 2, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • The emergence of consciousness is a complex phenomenon.
  • Previous theories suggest consciousness arises from slow perceptual processing.
  • The utility of slow processing for consciousness is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion that consciousness requires slow perceptual processing.
  • To propose an alternative model for the timing of conscious percept formation.
  • To explore the relationship between processing speed and higher-order awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of perceptual processing timelines.
  • Conceptual modeling of conscious percept formation.
  • Examination of the role of higher-order representation in consciousness.

Main Results:

  • Conscious percepts can form rapidly, independent of slow processing speeds.
  • Rapid formation may occur before slower, stabilizing processes (vulcanization).
  • The speed of percept formation could preclude the development of higher-order representations.

Conclusions:

  • Consciousness may not be solely dependent on slow perceptual processing.
  • The temporal dynamics of perceptual formation are critical for understanding consciousness.
  • Fast perceptual processing could be a precursor to, rather than a result of, consciousness.