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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Regional, functional and transcriptomic decoding of multidimensional brain structure alterations in

Leonardo Cardoso Saraiva1,2, João R Sato3, Isaac Sebenius4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. leonardo.saraiva@yale.edu.

Nature Communications
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows distinct brain morphology changes, including cortical curvature and structural similarity alterations. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to understanding OCD brain structure and its genetic underpinnings.

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Previous studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often examined limited neuroimaging phenotypes.
  • A comprehensive understanding of brain morphology in OCD is crucial for identifying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive morphological brain characterization in a large sample of individuals with OCD.
  • To investigate novel neuroimaging phenotypes, including a subcortical structural similarity network, in OCD.
  • To explore the relationship between brain morphology, clinical features, and gene expression patterns in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset (2255 OCD, 2264 controls) for neuroimaging analysis.
  • Examined nine cortical and four subcortical morphological phenotypes, including a novel subcortical structural similarity network.
  • Employed brain-behavior predictive models and RNA-sequencing data from functional neurosurgery and postmortem studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified spatially distinct regional alterations across multiple structural phenotypes in OCD.
  • Observed cortical curvature changes in default mode and frontoparietal networks, and increased structural similarity in sensorimotor regions.
  • Found associations between cortical alterations, particularly in structural similarity networks, and specific gene expression patterns, implicating excitatory neuron dysregulation.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive morphological assessment reveals diverse brain alterations in OCD.
  • Cortical curvature and structural similarity network alterations are key features in OCD pathophysiology.
  • Genetic factors, including downregulated genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, contribute to observed brain morphology changes in OCD.