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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
07:08

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films

Published on: August 18, 2018

Bouncing-to-Merging Transition during Droplet Impact on Heated Subcooled Liquid Film.

Brooklyn Asai1, Abhishek Saha1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explores droplet impact on heated liquid films, revealing how mild heating affects coalescence. We found heating alters critical conditions, influencing whether droplets merge or bounce.

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

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08:34

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High Throughput Analysis of Liquid Droplet Impacts
09:00

High Throughput Analysis of Liquid Droplet Impacts

Published on: March 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat transfer
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Droplet impact dynamics are crucial for cooling and printing applications.
  • Previous research focused on superheated conditions, limiting understanding of mild heating effects.
  • Evaporation significantly influences droplet impact under superheated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate droplet impact on heated subcooled liquid films.
  • To determine how mild heating modifies critical conditions for droplet coalescence versus noncoalescence.
  • To understand the physical mechanisms governing droplet behavior on heated surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of droplet impact on heated subcooled films.
  • Generation of regime maps at various temperatures to characterize transitions.
  • Derivation of a scaling relation for gas layer drainage incorporating phase-change effects.

Main Results:

  • Mild heating of subcooled liquid films alters the critical conditions for droplet coalescence.
  • A scaling relation for interfacial gas layer drainage was developed, including phase-change effects.
  • Key physical mechanisms influencing critical impact speed for coalescence were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Mild heating of subcooled films significantly impacts droplet impact outcomes.
  • The derived scaling relation provides insights into gas layer drainage with phase change.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for optimizing applications involving droplet-film interactions.