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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
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Published on: February 5, 2020

Low-power biomimetic ionic thermoelectric device for multi-gas olfaction.

Gongze Liu1, Cheng Chi2,3, Jiacheng Ji1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.

National Science Review
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel artificial olfactory system using the giant ionic-thermoelectric effect for efficient multi-gas sensing. This biomimetic device can detect and differentiate various gases simultaneously, overcoming limitations of traditional thermoelectric materials.

Keywords:
biomimetic olfactory deviceionic thermoelectricslow-power infrared detectionmulti-gas sensingsolid-state ionic polymer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Growing demand for intelligent multi-gas sensing systems necessitates improved power efficiency.
  • Conventional thermoelectric materials face limitations due to low thermopower-to-thermal conductivity (S/κ).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an innovative gas sensing mechanism utilizing the giant ionic-thermoelectric effect.
  • To demonstrate a high-performance, power-efficient artificial olfactory device capable of resolving mixed gas analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Employing wafer-scale microfabrication technology to create a monolithic platform.
  • Integrating multiple ionic-thermoelectric modules with narrow-bandpass optical filters for selective gas detection.
  • Utilizing solid-state ionic polymers for enhanced thermoelectric properties.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the first functional ionic-thermoelectric biomimetic olfactory device.
  • Achieved a record responsivity of 2340 V/W, a 20-fold improvement over commercial detectors.
  • Reported limits of detection of 1.42 ppm for CO2, 0.15 ppm for CH4, and 1.16 ppb for CO.

Conclusions:

  • The giant ionic-thermoelectric effect offers a promising route for next-generation artificial olfactory systems.
  • The developed device overcomes conventional limitations, enabling efficient and selective multi-gas sensing.
  • This technology paves the way for advanced biomimetic sensing applications.