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Related Experiment Videos

Racial and Sex Differences in Postoperative Mortality Between Patients With Versus Without Dementia.

Ryu Yoshida1, Teryl K Nuckols2, Keith Norris3

  • 1From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.

Annals of Surgery Open : Perspectives of Surgical History, Education, and Clinical Approaches
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Racial and sex disparities in postoperative mortality are greater for patients with dementia undergoing elective surgery. Targeted strategies are needed to ensure equitable surgical care for this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric surgery outcomes
  • Health disparities in surgical care
  • Dementia and patient safety

Background:

  • Patients with dementia may face challenges advocating for their needs, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities.
  • Understanding racial and sex differences in postoperative mortality is crucial, especially for individuals with cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial-sex differences in 30-day postoperative mortality among elderly surgical patients.
  • To determine if these disparities vary based on dementia status.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries (65-99 years) undergoing common surgical procedures (2016-2019).
  • Comparison of 30-day postoperative mortality across four race-sex groups (Black men, White men, White women, Black women).
Keywords:
dementiageriatricsquality of surgical careracial differencessex differences

Related Experiment Videos

  • Stratification by dementia status for both elective and nonelective surgeries.

    • Main Results:

    • For elective surgeries, postoperative mortality was highest among Black men, with greater racial-sex disparities observed in patients with dementia.
    • The mortality difference between White women and Black men was significantly larger in the dementia group compared to the non-dementia group.
    • No significant evidence of highest mortality among Black men or dementia-related variation in racial-sex differences was found for nonelective surgeries.

    Conclusions:

    • Racial and sex disparities in postoperative mortality are more pronounced among patients with dementia undergoing elective surgery.
    • The findings underscore the necessity for developing targeted interventions to promote equitable surgical care for patients with dementia.