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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World

Published on: April 7, 2020

Night-to-Night Sleep Variability Modulates Subjective Sleep Perception in Chronic Insomnia: A Multilevel Analysis.

Xiaoyu Xiao¹, Shuo Liu¹, Wenjing Jiang¹

¹Department of Geriatric Medicine & Laboratory of Gerontology and Anti-Aging Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.

Nature and Science of Sleep

|June 25, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

In chronic insomnia, daily sleep fluctuations and longer-term variability significantly impact how individuals perceive their sleep. Subjective sleep perception is less responsive to nightly objective changes in patients with insomnia.

Keywords:

intraindividual variability night-to-night variability sleep perception bias sleep state misperception subjective sleep perception

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Area of Science:

Sleep science
Chronobiology
Clinical psychology

Background:

Subjective sleep perception frequently diverges from objective sleep metrics in chronic insomnia.
The influence of night-to-night sleep variability on this discrepancy is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how daily within-individual sleep fluctuations and between-individual sleep variability affect subjective sleep perception in chronic insomnia patients.

Main Methods:

Fifty chronic insomnia patients underwent home sleep monitoring and sleep diaries for 5-7 nights.
Sleep perception bias was calculated as the difference between objective and subjective sleep estimates.
Linear mixed-effects models analyzed within-individual and between-individual variability effects.

Main Results:

Nightly objective sleep changes (total sleep time, efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency) correlated with subjective-objective discrepancies.
Subjective perception showed reduced responsiveness to objective nightly sleep variations.
Lower total sleep time variability was linked to greater bias in perceived sleep duration and efficiency.

Conclusions:

Subjective sleep perception in chronic insomnia is shaped by both nightly objective sleep changes and longer-term sleep variability.
Findings highlight the complex interplay between objective sleep patterns and subjective experience in insomnia.