Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Clinical characteristics and gender differences in Wagner grade 4-5 diabetic foot patients with variable severity of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease].

Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Synergistic Regulating Mechanism of CLDH on the Mechanical Properties and Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Geopolymers.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Associated with Periodontitis: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Salivary Proteomics.

Journal of proteome research·2026
Same author

Effects of duration of a plant-based diet stimulus at first feeding on nutritional programming in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Fish physiology and biochemistry·2026
Same author

Identification of Oral Protein Biomarkers for Cognitive Impairment Susceptibility in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Species Proteomic Study.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Mechanism of xanthine oxidase in flap ischemia-reperfusion injury and advances in targeted therapy: a mini review.

Frontiers in physiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

An Exploration of Craniofacial Features in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using the Explainable Deep Learning Approaches.

Liuyi Luo1,2, Ruicong Yang1,2, Zitong Pei3

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.

Nature and Science of Sleep
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Explainable deep learning identified new craniofacial traits linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This approach revealed upper facial differences in OSA patients, expanding our understanding beyond traditional phenotypes.

Keywords:
convolutional neural networkscraniofacial morphologydeep learningexplainable artificial intelligenceobstructive sleep apnea

More Related Videos

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography
04:48

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Published on: November 30, 2022

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography
04:48

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Published on: November 30, 2022

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
10:23

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis traditionally relies on limited craniofacial hypotheses.
  • Current phenotyping methods may not capture the full spectrum of anatomical variations associated with OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply explainable deep learning (DL) for discovering novel craniofacial phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To move beyond traditional anatomical assumptions in OSA research.

Main Methods:

  • A multimodal DL model was developed using facial images, cephalograms, and demographic data from 130 participants (65 OSA, 65 controls).
  • Explainability techniques including average face analysis, feature importance, and Grad-CAM were used on a subset of participants.
  • Targeted measurements validated morphological differences in identified regions.

Main Results:

  • The DL model achieved an area under the curve of 0.87 for OSA prediction.
  • Explainability highlighted known OSA-related regions (mandible, chin, hyoid) and novel upper facial areas (forehead, eyebrows, eyelids).
  • OSA patients showed significantly smaller inter-eyebrow distance and increased frontal protrusion and sinus area.

Conclusions:

  • Explainable DL successfully expanded the understanding of craniofacial phenotypes associated with OSA.
  • The study identified novel upper-face traits that warrant further investigation in larger cohorts.
  • These findings may contribute to OSA subtyping and understanding its underlying mechanisms.