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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

Replication associated nuclear DNA mismatch repair across kingdoms.

Claudia P Spampinato1, Julieta Giri1

  • 1Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The mismatch repair (MMR) system corrects DNA errors. This review compares MMR in humans, yeast, and plants, highlighting unique plant features like duplicated proteins crucial for genome stability.

Keywords:
DNA synthesis and repairgenome integritymutation

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The mismatch repair (MMR) system is a conserved DNA repair pathway crucial for genomic integrity.
  • MMR corrects base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops that escape DNA polymerase proofreading.
  • Significant variations exist in MMR protein composition and function across different life forms, including plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the MMR mechanism in eukaryotic organisms.
  • To provide a comparative analysis of MMR systems in humans, yeast, and plants.
  • To highlight unique aspects of plant MMR, such as duplicated proteins and their role in genome stability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and comparative analysis of existing research on MMR systems.
  • Focus on molecular mechanisms and protein components of MMR in selected eukaryotes.
  • Examination of developmental processes and genome stability maintenance in plants.

Main Results:

  • MMR pathways are conserved but exhibit distinct protein repertoires between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • Plant MMR systems possess unique features, including an ancient duplicated MMR protein.
  • Plant developmental processes, like embryogenesis, rely on robust genome stability maintenance potentially influenced by MMR.

Conclusions:

  • The MMR system is fundamental for maintaining DNA fidelity across eukaryotes.
  • Comparative studies reveal evolutionary divergence in MMR components, with plants exhibiting unique adaptations.
  • Understanding plant MMR is critical for comprehending its role in multi-generational genome stability and development.